Authors (including presenting author) :
Kam KH (1)
Affiliation :
Pharmacy Department, Princess Margaret Hospital
Introduction :
Selective sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2 inhibitors) is a new class of oral anti-diabetic drugs. In clinical trials, SGLT2 inhibitors gave promising results in improving cardiovascular risk factors such as HbA1c, body weight and blood pressure in type II diabetes mellitus patients. However, real-life data of the efficacy and safety of SGLT2 inhibitors in Chinese patients was lacking.
Objectives :
The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the two SGLT2 inhibitors that were available in Princess Margaret Hospital (PMH), dapagliflozin and empagliflozin, in Chinese patients with type II diabetes mellitus.
Methodology :
In this retrospective observational study, Chinese patients from Department of Medicine and Geriatrics in PMH with type II diabetes mellitus who received the first prescription for SGLT2 inhibitors from the specialist outpatient clinic (SOPC) in the period of 1st November 2015 to 28th February 2017 were identified. The primary outcome was the mean change in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) from baseline at 3 – 5 months, 6 – 8 months and 9 – 12 months after initiation of SGLT2 inhibitors. The secondary outcome was the mean change in body weight and blood pressure from baseline after initiation. This study also compared the rates of achieving HbA1c clinical target for the two SGLT2 inhibitors using logistic regression model analysis.
Result & Outcome :
A total of 390 patients entered the efficacy data analysis of this study, with 197 and 193 patients received dapagliflozin and empagliflozin respectively. The mean decrease in HbA1c from baseline was 1.09% (95% CI 0.93 - 1.25), 1.12% (95% CI 0.93 - 1.31) and 1.09% (95% CI 0.91 - 1.27) after 3 to 5 months (90 – 179 days), 6 to 8 months (180 – 269 days) and 9 to 12 months (270 – 365 days) respectively in patients received dapagliflozin and the mean decrease in HbA1c from baseline was 1.08% (95% CI 0.90 - 1.26), 1.21% (95% CI 0.98 - 1.45) and 1.09% (95% CI 0.86 - 1.33) after 3 to 5 months, 6 to 8 months and 9 to 12 months respectively in patients received empagliflozin. The logistic regression analysis result showed there was no significant difference between the two SGLT2 inhibitors in achieving HbA1c targets. Both treatment groups showed significant decrease in body weight in 3 – 5 months, 6 – 8 months and 9 – 12 months after initiation of treatment. Significant reduction in blood pressure was only seen after 6 months after initiation of treatments in both groups.
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